C++ Data Types

Data Types

Data types are used to specify the type of data that a variable can hold. C++ provides several built-in data types, and here is the list of all the fundamental C++ data types:

1. Integer Types:

• 'int': Integer type, typically 32 bits. The range is from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
• 'short': Short integer, typically 16 bits. The range is from -32,768 to 32,767.
• 'long': Long integer, typically 32 bits. The range is the same as that of int.
• 'long long': Long long integer, typically 64 bits. Larger range: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.

2. Floating-point Types:

• 'float': Single-precision floating-point. Approximate range: 1.2e-38 to 3.4e38.
• 'double': Double-precision floating-point. Larger range: 2.3e-308 to 1.7e308.
• 'long double': Extended precision floating-point. The range and size depend on the implementation.

3. Character Types:

• 'char': Character type, typically 8 bits. Represents a single character.
• 'wchar_t': Wide character type, used for handling larger character sets. Size is platform-dependent.
• 'char16_t' and 'char32_t': Unicode character types, used for handling 16-bit and 32-bit Unicode characters, respectively.

3. Boolean Type:

• 'bool': Represents boolean values. It can take on the values 'true' or 'false'.

Data Type	Occupied Size	Range	Format Specifier
int	4 bytes	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647	%d or %i
short	2 bytes	-32,768 to 32,767	%hd
long	4 bytes	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647	%ld
long long	8 bytes	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807	%lld
float	4 bytes	3.4e-38 to 3.4e38	%f
double	8 bytes	1.7e-308 to 1.7e308	%lf
long double	12 or 16 bytes	(platform-dependent)	%Lf or %Le
char	1 byte	0 to 255	%c
wchar_t	2 or 4 bytes	0 to 65,535 (or larger)	%lc
char16_t	2 bytes	0 to 65,535	%c
char32_t	4 bytes	0 to 4,294,967,295	%c
bool	1 byte	true or false	%d or %s

Note: Please note that the sizes and ranges mentioned here are typical for most systems, but they can vary depending on the compiler and platform.

Here's a simple example demonstrating the use of these data types:

#include＜iostream＞

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int integerNumber = 42;
    float floatingPointNumber = 3.14;
    char character = 'A';
    bool isTrue = true;

    cout << "Integer: " << integerNumber << endl;
    cout << "Float: " << floatingPointNumber << endl;
    cout << "Character: " << character << endl;
    cout << "Boolean: " << isTrue << endl;
    return 0;
}

Integer: 42
Float: 3.14
Character: A
Boolean: 1

* In this example, variables of different fundamental data types are declared and assigned values, and their values are printed to the console.