C++ Operators & Tokens

Relational Operators:

These operators are used for comparing two values.

Syntax:

int x = 5, y = 10;
bool isEqual = (x == y); // false
bool isNotEqual = (x != y); // true
bool isLessThan = (x < y); // true
bool isGreaterThan = (x > y); // false
bool isLessThanOrEqual = (x <= y); // true
bool isGreaterThanOrEqual = (x >= y); // false

Logical Operators:

These operators are used to perform logical operations.

Syntax:

bool condition1 = true, condition2 = false;
bool resultAnd = (condition1 && condition2); // false
bool resultOr = (condition1 || condition2); // true
bool resultNot = !condition1; // false

Assignment Operators:

These operators are used to perform logical operations.

i = 5;

Syntax:

int num = 10;
num += 5; // num is now 15 (num = num + 5)
num -= 3; // num is now 12 (num = num - 3)
num *= 2; // num is now 24 (num = num * 2)
num /= 4; // num is now 6 (num = num / 4)
num %= 2; // num is now 0 (num = num % 2)

Increment and Decrement Operators:

These operators are used to increment (++) or decrement (--) a variable by 1. For example, ++ is used to increase, and -- is used to reduce the value of an integer or char variable.

Syntax:

int count = 5;
count++; // Increment count by 1 (count is now 6)
count--; // Decrement count by 1 (count is now 5 again)

Bitwise Operators:

These operators perform bitwise operations on integer types, and Bitwise operators are used for low-level operations, such as bit manipulation.

Syntax:

int a = 5, b = 3;
int bitwiseAnd = a & b; // 1 (binary: 0101 & 0011 = 0001)
int bitwiseOr = a | b; // 7 (binary: 0101 | 0011 = 0111)
int bitwiseXor = a ^ b; // 6 (binary: 0101 ^ 0011 = 0110)
int bitwiseNot = ~a; // -6 (bitwise NOT of 5 is -6 in two's complement)

* Let's show an example of bitwise operators in C language.

Conditional (Ternary) Operator:

Conditional operator is used to check a condition and select a value depending on the condition. Normally the selected value will be assigned to a variable which ha the following form.

Syntax:

int x = 5, y = 10;
int max = (x > y) ? x : y; // max is assigned the larger of x and y

Comma Operator:

The comma operator in C++ is a binary operator that evaluates two expressions and returns the result of the second expression. It is often used in contexts where multiple expressions are allowed, but only a single expression is expected. The syntax for the comma operator is simply a comma (',').

Syntax:

int expr1, expr2;

Note: Here, 'expr1' is evaluated first, followed by 'expr2'. The result of the entire expression is the result of 'expr2'. The value of 'expr1' is essentially discarded.